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1) robots.txt file The robots.txt is a simple text file that is placed on our root directory. Search Bots, crawl each URL and the first thing they search on an URL root is the robots.txt file. A simple robots.txt looks like:
User-agent: * Disallow:
"User-agent: *" means this section applies to all robots, the wildcard "*" means all bots. The "Disallow: " tells the robots that they can go anywhere they want. To exclude all robots from the server:
User-agent: * Disallow: /
robots.txt should have the same place where you put your web site's main "index.html".Also remember to use all lower case for the filename: "robots.txt", not "Robots.TXT.

2) Google Webmaster guidelines :

Design and content guidelines
• Every page should be reachable from at least one static text link.
• Offer a site map to your users with links that point to the parts of your site.
• Think about the words users would type to find your pages, and make sure that your site actually includes those words within it.
• Try to use text instead of images to display important names, content, or links. The Google crawler doesn't recognize text contained in images. Using the "ALT" attribute to include a few words of descriptive text.

Technical guidelines
• Use a text browser such as Lynx to examine your site, because most search engine spiders see your site much as Lynx would.
• If your company buys a content management system, make sure that the system creates pages and links that search engines can crawl.
• Test your site to make sure that it appears correctly in different browsers.

3) Add your website on Google Webmaster which gives you following information:

• Site configuration: Sitemaps, Crawler access, Sitelinks, Change of address, Settings
• Your site on the web: Top search queries, Links to your site, Keywords, Internal links, Subscriber stats
• Diagnostics: Crawl errors, Crawl stats, HTML suggestions

4) Google Analytics

Google Analytics is the enterprise-class web analytics solution that gives you rich insights into your website traffic and marketing effectiveness. You can check the following information:
• Dashboard
• Visitors
• Traffic Sources
• Content
• Goals

5) Bing Webmaster:

Bing Webmaster Tools is to troubleshoot the crawling and indexing of your site, submit sitemaps and view statistics about your sites.
• Robots.txt validator
• HTTP verifier
• Keyword research tool
• Webmaster resources